PPI - Radically Pragmatic
  • Donate
Skip to content
  • Home
  • About
    • About Us
    • Locations
    • Careers
  • People
  • Projects
  • Our Work
  • Events
  • Donate

Our Work

‘Only Yesterday’: Comparing ‘Smoot-Hawley’ in 1930 with ‘IEEPA’ and ‘232’ in 2025

  • October 14, 2025
  • Ed Gresser
Download PDF

Thank you very much. I’m very honored to be here this afternoon and really thank Barbara and Bob for inviting me to talk with you today.  

We have a very useful question here: as we think about the Trump administration’s tariff increases this year and try to understand its likely impacts, economic modeling helps. Polling helps, as do reports from businesses and official data. But we have no recent experience with similar here or elsewhere. Is it possible then to draw lessons from the further past?  

The last general U.S. tariff increase, the Tariff Act of 1930 — typically known as the “Smoot-Hawley Tariff” for its Congressional authors, Senator Reed Smoot and Rep. Willis Hawley — dates back 95 years. With some cautions I’ll note in a second, I’d like to pose four questions that can help us compare them:

Read the full remarks.

Related Work

Trade Fact  |  January 28, 2026

The U.S. lost 20,000 scientific research jobs last year

  • Ed Gresser
Trade Fact  |  January 21, 2026

The U.S. has no claim to Greenland

  • Ed Gresser
Trade Fact  |  January 14, 2026

Venezuela oil production is down 75% since 1998

  • Ed Gresser
Trade Fact  |  January 7, 2026

The Trump administration is not protecting freedom of speech

  • Ed Gresser
Trade Fact  |  December 16, 2025

Tariff bill on toys and Christmas ornaments up 300-fold this year

  • Ed Gresser
Trade Fact  |  December 10, 2025

Worldwide HIV/AIDS mortality down 80% since PEPFAR launch

  • Ed Gresser
  • Never miss an update:

  • Subscribe to our newsletter
PPI Logo
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
  • Donate
  • Careers
  • © 2026 Progressive Policy Institute. All Rights Reserved.
  • |
  • Privacy Policy
  • |
  • Privacy Settings