Since it was signed into law 90 years ago today, Social Security has become the most successful antipoverty program in American history and the foundation upon which most Americans plan their retirement. But changing demographics and policy mistakes have weakened that foundation and put the program on track for a crisis before the end of the next president’s term. Policymakers must act quickly to strengthen the program without imposing an unfair burden on vulnerable seniors or working Americans.
At its conception, Social Security was designed to be an “earned benefit” — workers pay a dedicated payroll tax on wages up to a certain level, and once these workers reach retirement age, they receive benefits to replace some fraction of the wages upon which they were taxed. But in practice, funds paid in by today’s workers are used to pay the benefits due to today’s retirees. And every year since 2010, the program has spent more on benefits than it raised in dedicated revenue because the ratio of workers to retirees is worsening as our population ages.
Unfortunately, today’s policymakers have only compounded the problem. Last year, bipartisan majorities in Congress voted overwhelmingly to give higher-income retirees already receiving public pensions the opportunity to draw more generous benefits. And earlier this year, Republicans siphoned off a portion of the program’s revenue stream in their “One Big Beautiful Bill.”
