Richard D. Kahlenberg, director of the American Identity Project at the Progressive Policy Institute, called the U-Va. deal “pretty outrageous” and said the federal memorandum “provides a gross misreading” of the landmark 2023 Supreme Court case on affirmative action. He said the guidance says “‘criteria like socioeconomic status, first-generation status, or geographic diversity must not be used’ if a university’s goal is to further racial integration on campus.” But he said the high court’s decision “outlawed the means of using racial preferences, not the ends of achieving the benefits of a racially diverse student body.”